Point to be Remembered

Chapter 1: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

  • Importance of Chemistry
  • Nature of Matter
  • Properties of Matter and their Measurement
  • Uncertainty in Measurement
  • Laws of Chemical Combinations
  • Dalton’s Atomic Theory
  • Atomic and Molecular Masses
  • Mole Concept and Molar Masses
  • Percentage Composition
  • Stoichiometry and Stoichiometric Calculations

     

  • Discovery of Sub-atomic Particles
  • Atomic Models
  • Developments Leading to the Bohr’s Model of Atom
  • Bohr’s Model for Hydrogen Atom
  • Towards Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
  • Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom

     

  • Why do we Need to Classify Elements?
  • Genesis of Periodic Classification
  • Modern Periodic Law and the Present Form of the Periodic Table
  • Nomenclature of Elements with Atomic Numbers > 100
  • Electronic Configurations of Elements and the Periodic Table
  • Electronic Configurations and Types of Elements: s-, p-, d-, f- Blocks
  • Periodic Trends in Properties of Elements

     

  • Kössel-Lewis Approach to Chemical Bonding
  • Ionic or Electrovalent Bond
  • Bond Parameters
  • The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory
  • Valence Bond Theory
  • Hybridisation, Molecular Orbital Theory
  • Bonding in Some Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules
  • Hydrogen Bonding

     

  • Intermolecular Forces
  • Thermal Energy
  • Intermolecular Forces vs Thermal Interactions
  • The Gaseous State
  • The Gas Laws, Ideal Gas Equation
  • Kinetic Energy and Molecular Speeds
  • Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
  • Behaviour of Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Gas Behaviour
  • Liquefaction of Gases, Liquid State

     

  • Thermodynamic Terms
  • Applications
  • Measurement of ∆U and ∆H: Calorimetry, Enthalpy Change
  • ∆rH of a Reaction – Reaction Enthalpy
  • Enthalpies for Different Types of Reactions
  • Spontaneity
  • Gibbs Energy Change and Equilibrium

     

  • Equilibrium in Physical Processes
  • Equilibrium in Chemical Processes – Dynamic Equilibrium
  • Law of Chemical Equilibrium and Equilibrium Constant
  • Homogeneous Equilibria
  • Heterogeneous Equilibria
  • Applications of Equilibrium Constants
  • Relationship between Equilibrium Constant K
  • Reaction Quotient Q and Gibbs Energy
  • Factors Affecting Equilibria
  • Ionic Equilibrium in Solution
  • Acids, Bases and Salts
  • Ionization of Acids and Bases
  • Buffer Solutions
  • Solubility Equilibria of Sparingly Soluble Salts

     

  • Classical Idea of Redox Reactions-Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
  • Redox Reactions in Terms of Electron Transfer Reactions
  • Oxidation Number
  • Redox Reactions and Electrode Processes

     

  • Position of Hydrogen in the Periodic Table
  • Dihydrogen, H2
  • Preparation of Dihydrogen, H2
  • Properties of Dihydrogen
  • Hydrides
  • Water
  • Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)
  • Heavy Water, D2O
  • Dihydrogen as a Fuel

     

  • Group 1 Elements: Alkali Metals
  • General Characteristics of the Compounds of the Alkali Metals
  • Anomalous Properties of Lithium
  • Some Important Compounds of Sodium
  • Biological Importance of Sodium and Potassium
  • Group 2 Elements : Alkaline Earth Metals
  • General Characteristics of Compounds of the Alkaline Earth Metals
  • Anomalous Behaviour of Beryllium
  • Some Important Compounds of Calcium
  • Biological Importance of Magnesium and Calcium

     

  • Group 13 Elements: The Boron Family
  • Important Trends and Anomalous Properties of Boron
  • Some Important Compounds of Boron
  • Uses of Boron and Aluminium and their Compounds
  • Group 14 Elements: The Carbon Family
  • Important Trends and Anomalous Behaviour of Carbon
  • Allotropes of Carbon
  • Some Important Compounds of Carbon and Silicon

     

  • General Introduction
  • Tetravalence of Carbon: Shapes of Organic Compounds
  • Structural Representations of Organic Compounds
  • Classification of Organic Compounds
  • Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
  • Isomerism
  • Fundamental Concepts in Organic Reaction Mechanism
  • Methods of Purification of Organic Compounds
  • Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds
  • Quantitative Analysis
  •      

  • Classification
  • Alkanes
  • Alkenes
  • Alkynes
  • Aromatic Hydrocarbon
  • Carcinogenicity and Toxicity

     

  • Environmental Pollution
  • Atmospheric Pollution
  • Water Pollution
  • Soil Pollution
  • Industrial Waste
  • Strategies to control Environmental Pollution
  • Green Chemistry

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