Ionic Equilibrium Contents:
- Degree of ionization
- Ostwald dilution law and its limitations
- pH scale
- Definition of pH and importance of pH scale,
- Relation between pH and concentration of H+ in solution,
- pH range of acidic, basic solution,
- Introduction about pOH, relation between pH and pOH, ionic product of water (Kw),
- Hydrolysis of salts (from weak acid [HA] and strong base [BOH]) including derivation of
- Hydrolysis of salts (from weak base [BOH] and strong acid [HA]) including derivation of
- Hydrolysis of salts (from weak acid [HA] and weak base [BOH]) including derivation of
- Buffer solution
- Properties of buffer solutions,
- Buffer capacity and buffer limit of buffer solution,
- pH of buffer formed from weak acid and its salt including derivation of Henderson-Hasselbach equation,
- Action of buffer solutions in adjustment of pH during addition of acid or Base,
- Buffer standards,
- Importance of buffer solutions
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