M.Sc.

Lesson Structure Introduction and Classification of Food Additives Food colorants Flavouring agents Sweeteners emulsifiers and stabilizer and anti-oxidant and preservatives   Introduction and Classification of Food Additives How will cooked pulse without salt or spices and kheer without sugar taste? Certainly, all of us will dislike it barring all those who may not be using [...]

Lesson Structure Pericyclic Reactions Part 1 (Electrocyclic Reactions) 1.0         Objectives 1.1         Introduction 1.2         Molecular orbital symmetry 1.3         Frontier orbitals of ethylene, 1,3-butadiene, 1,3,5-hexatriene and allyl system. 1.4         Classification of pericyclic reactions. 1.5         Woodward-Hoffmann correlation diagrams 1.5.1     Correlation diagram Electrocyclic reaction 1.5.2     Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO) approach for electrocyclic reactions 1.5.3     Perturbation Molecular orbital (PMO) approach [...]

Lesson Structure 1.0       Objectives 1.1       Introduction 1.2       E2 Elimination Reaction 1.3       E1 Elimination Reaction 1.4       E1CB Elimination reaction 1.5       Orientation of the double bond 1.6       Reactivity effects of substrate, attacking base, leaving group and solvent medium 1.6.1    Factors effecting E2 Elimination 1.7       Mechanism of pyrolytic elimination reaction: 1.8       Cope elimination 1.9       Saytzeff elimination 1.10     Hofmann [...]

Lesson Structure 1.0       Objectives 1.1       Introduction 1.2       Mechanism of metal hydride reductions in saturated and unsaturated carbonyl compounds 1.3       Addition of Grignard reagent with carbonyl groups 1.4       Wittig reaction and its mechanism 1.4.1    Modified Wittig Reaction (Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction) 1.5       Knoevenagel reaction 1.6       Claisen condensation 1.7       Mannich reaction 1.8       Stobbe reactions 1.9       Stork enamine reaction 1.10     [...]

Lesson Structure 1.0       Objective 1.1       Introduction 1.2       Electrophilic addition 1.2.1    Halogen addition reaction 1.2.2    Hydrohalogenation 1.2.2.1 Anti-Markovnikov addition 1.2.3    Oxymercuration reaction 1.2.3.1 Regioselectivity and stereochemistry of oxymercuration 1.3       Nucleophilic addition 1.3.1    Cyanoethylation 1.3.2    Hydro-cyano-addition 1.3.4    Epoxidation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyls 1.4       Free radical addition 1.4.1    Stereochemistry of Free radical addition of HBr 1.4.2    Free Radical Addition [...]

Lesson Structure 1.0     Objectives 1.1     Introductions 1.2     The SNAr mechanism 1.2.1  Evidence for Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (SNAr) mechanism: 1.3     The SN1 mechanism 1.3.1  Evidence for a unimolecular SN1 mechanism 1.4     The benzyne (arynes) mechanism 1.4.1  Benzyme (aryne) mechanism: 1.5     The SRN1 mechanism 1.5.1  Evidence for the SRN1 mechanism: 1.6     Effects of Reactivity & Structure, leaving [...]

Lesson Structure 1.0       Objectives 1.1       Introduction 1.2       The arenium ion mechanism 1.2.1    Energy profile diagrams of Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution eaction: 1.2.2    Nitration 1.2.3    Sulphonation 1.2.4    Halogenation 1.2.5    Alkylation 1.2.6    Acylation 1.3       Orientation and reactivity 1.3.1    Electrophilic substitution in other poly-substituted benzene rings: 1.4       Some name reactions involving aromatic electrophilic substitution mechanism: 1.4.1    Vilsmeir reaction 1.4.2    [...]